Early exchange networks in Bronze Age Eurasia: Communication between archaeological cultures in Siberia and China during the II millennium BC 饒宗頤國學院 (February 18, 2022)
The II millennium BC marked a transition between the Neolithic and the Chalcolithic periods in East Asia. At the end of this millennium there appeared a civilization with sophisticated social and political structures, a highly developed writing system, and large-scale organized crafts, including bronze metallurgy. This remarkable progress was possible thanks to a mutual influence with other cultures. In my presentation I would like to discuss about these early exchanges and possible communication between North Asia and East Asia with particular focus on a few cultures: the Afanasievo culture (IV—III millennium BC), the Okunev culture (II millennium BC), the Seima-Turbino phenomenon (ca. 2300-1700 BC), the Sintashta-Petrovka culture (2050–1750 BCE) and the Karasuk culture (1500–800 BC).
顧曼莉博士總結並分析了不同時期文化的特徵：西元前 IV-III 千年阿法納謝沃文化的特徵為：墓葬中出現了最早的食品生產者：牛、羊、山羊；有銅和金飾品；出現了兩輪和四輪推車；墓地為石牆的墓地結構。公元前兩千年的奧庫涅夫文化特徵歸納為：人們主要扮演了獵人或漁民的角色；畜牧業產品為牛、羊、山羊；墓葬結構為石板墓葬結構。公元前 2050-1750 年Sintashta-Petrovka文化的特點是：有已知最古老的戰車；開始馴養馬、牛、綿羊和山羊；進行高強度的銅礦開採和錫青銅冶金；有廣泛的定居點以及高度的軍國主義模式。約公元前 2300-1700 年Seima-Turbino現象中的主要特徵為：墓地中有類似青銅器的器物；有先進的金屬加工技術——錫青銅，物品有鑲嵌物；從墓中發現了馬的圖片；發現了軟玉配飾。公元前 2300-1800 年Shimao文化有目前已知最大墓葬的遺址，此時的文化特點是：有石頭牆；或許開始了青銅冶金；有粟米還可能有小麥和大麥；有綿羊、山羊和牛等動物。西元前 1500-800 年的卡拉蘇克文化的特徵為：起源於安德羅諾沃文化；墓葬中有石碑和方形石圍牆；發現了砷青銅冶金；開始與中國交流的痕跡，農業上有了粟米。 [Go to the full record in the library's catalogue]
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